Time-of-Use Rate Calculator
Compare TOU vs flat rates and find savings by shifting usage to off-peak hours.
Typical TOU Rate Schedules by Region
Average residential rates (¢/kWh) by time period
| Utility/Region | On-Peak | Mid-Peak | Off-Peak | Peak Hours | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California (SCE) | 38–54¢ | 27–35¢ | 14–18¢ | 4pm–9pm | Solar + battery |
| Arizona (APS) | 24–38¢ | 14–19¢ | 6–8¢ | 3pm–8pm | Pool pump shifting |
| Texas (TXU) | 18–28¢ | 12–16¢ | 8–11¢ | 2pm–7pm | EV charging |
| New York (ConEd) | 30–42¢ | 20–28¢ | 12–16¢ | 2pm–6pm | Appliance shifting |
| Florida (FPL) | 14–22¢ | 11–15¢ | 7–10¢ | 12pm–9pm | EV + pool pump |
| Illinois (ComEd) | 16–24¢ | 10–14¢ | 5–8¢ | 2pm–7pm | Overnight charging |
How We Calculate This
This time-of-use rate calculator uses established formulas and industry-standard data to provide accurate estimates.
- Enter your specific values into the calculator fields above
- Our algorithm applies the relevant formulas using your inputs
- Results are calculated instantly in your browser — nothing is sent to a server
- Review the detailed breakdown to understand how each factor affects your result
These calculations are estimates based on standard formulas. For critical decisions, always consult a qualified professional.
How to Convert Oven Recipes to Air Fryer
Time-of-use (TOU) rate plans charge different electricity prices based on the time of day. This calculator compares TOU vs flat rate costs and shows how much you can save by shifting flexible loads to off-peak hours.
The basic rule:
- On-peak hours are typically 4pm–9pm on weekdays when grid demand is highest
- Off-peak hours are typically 11pm–7am when electricity is cheapest
- Easy loads to shift: EV charging, laundry, dishwasher, pool pump, water heater
- Hard to shift: cooking, lighting, HVAC (though smart thermostats help with pre-cooling)
TOU plans reward flexibility. Households that can shift 40-60% of their peak usage to off-peak hours typically save 15-30% on electricity costs. Those with solar panels, home batteries, or EVs benefit the most from TOU pricing.
When Would You Use This Calculator?
This time-of-use rate calculator is designed for anyone who needs quick, reliable estimates without complex spreadsheets or professional consultations.
- When you need a quick estimate before committing to a purchase or project
- When comparing different options or scenarios side by side
- When planning a budget and need to understand potential costs
- When you want to verify a quote or estimate you've received from a professional
- When teaching or learning about the concepts behind these calculations
Frequently Asked Questions
Who benefits most from TOU rate plans?
Households with flexible electricity usage benefit most: those who work from home (can run appliances midday), EV owners (charge overnight), solar panel owners (generate during peak, use stored energy at night), and anyone willing to run laundry, dishwashers, and pool pumps during off-peak hours. If most of your usage is fixed to peak hours (home all evening, heavy AC during peak), TOU may cost more.
What are typical on-peak and off-peak rates?
Rates vary widely by utility. Typical ranges: on-peak 25-50¢/kWh, mid-peak 15-25¢/kWh, off-peak 8-15¢/kWh. Some utilities have super off-peak rates as low as 5¢/kWh for overnight hours. Check your utility's rate schedule for exact numbers — many utilities now offer online TOU comparison tools.
Can TOU plans actually cost me more?
Yes, if your usage is heavily concentrated during peak hours and you cannot shift it. Families home in the evening running AC, cooking, and entertainment will pay more on TOU than flat rate. Always model your actual usage pattern before switching. Many utilities offer a shadow billing period where they show what you would have paid on TOU.
How does a home battery help with TOU rates?
A home battery (like Tesla Powerwall) can charge during off-peak hours at 8-12¢/kWh and discharge during peak hours when rates are 30-50¢/kWh. This arbitrage can save $50-150/month depending on your usage. Combined with solar, it is even more effective — store excess solar generation for peak evening use.