Excavation Calculator
Calculate dig volume and dirt hauling needs.
Excavation Volume by Dimensions
Loam soil, 25% swell factor, tandem truck (14 cu yd)
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | Bank Cu Yd | Loose Cu Yd | Weight (tons) | Truck Loads |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10×10×2' | 7.4 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 1 |
| 20×20×3' | 44.4 | 55.6 | 57.8 | 4 |
| 30×20×3' | 66.7 | 83.3 | 86.7 | 6 |
| 40×20×3' | 88.9 | 111.1 | 115.6 | 8 |
| 50×30×4' | 222.2 | 277.8 | 288.9 | 20 |
| 60×40×4' | 355.6 | 444.4 | 462.2 | 32 |
How We Calculate This
This excavation calculator uses established formulas and industry-standard data to provide accurate estimates.
- Enter your specific values into the calculator fields above
- Our algorithm applies the relevant formulas using your inputs
- Results are calculated instantly in your browser — nothing is sent to a server
- Review the detailed breakdown to understand how each factor affects your result
These calculations are estimates based on standard formulas. For critical decisions, always consult a qualified professional.
How to Convert Oven Recipes to Air Fryer
This calculator computes excavation volume in bank (in-ground) cubic yards, then applies a swell factor to estimate the actual loose volume that needs to be hauled away.
The basic rule:
- Bank volume (cu yd) = length × width × depth ÷ 27 (volume in the ground)
- Swell factor: soil expands 20-40% when excavated (clay: 30%, sand: 15%, rock: 40%)
- Loose volume = bank volume × swell factor (this is what fills the trucks)
- Truck loads = loose volume ÷ truck capacity (round up to whole loads)
- Weight estimate: varies by soil type from 1.3 tons/cu yd (loam) to 1.8 tons/cu yd (rock)
Always factor in swell when estimating hauling needs — 100 cubic yards in the ground becomes 120-140 cubic yards on a truck. Disposal fees ($5-$15 per ton at most landfills) are additional. Some soils may need environmental testing before disposal.
When Would You Use This Calculator?
This excavation calculator is designed for anyone who needs quick, reliable estimates without complex spreadsheets or professional consultations.
- When you need a quick estimate before committing to a purchase or project
- When comparing different options or scenarios side by side
- When planning a budget and need to understand potential costs
- When you want to verify a quote or estimate you've received from a professional
- When teaching or learning about the concepts behind these calculations
Frequently Asked Questions
How many cubic yards is my excavation?
Cubic yards = length (ft) × width (ft) × depth (ft) ÷ 27. A 40×20×3 foot dig = 2,400 cu ft ÷ 27 = 88.9 bank cubic yards. After swell (25% typical), you'll have about 111 loose cubic yards to haul away.
What is swell factor in excavation?
Swell factor is how much soil expands when removed from the ground. Clay swells 30-40%, loam 20-30%, sand 10-15%, and rock 40-50%. This means 10 cubic yards in the ground becomes 13 cubic yards of loose soil on a truck.
How many truck loads to remove excavated dirt?
A standard tandem dump truck holds 10-14 cubic yards. For 100 loose cubic yards: 8-10 truck loads with a tandem. A tri-axle holds 16-18 cubic yards, reducing loads. Always calculate using loose (swell) volume, not bank volume.
How much does excavation cost per cubic yard?
Excavation costs $5-$15 per cubic yard for machine digging (mini excavator or backhoe). Hauling adds $15-$25 per cubic yard. Disposal fees add $5-$15 per ton. Total cost is typically $25-$50 per cubic yard including dig, haul, and disposal.
Do I need a permit to excavate?
Most jurisdictions require a permit for excavations deeper than 4 feet, any digging near property lines, or any dig that could affect neighboring structures. Always call 811 (Call Before You Dig) at least 3 days before any excavation to locate underground utilities.
Can I keep the excavated dirt on my property?
Yes, if you have space for it. Excavated soil can be used for grading, fill, raised gardens, or berms. However, it will take up 20-40% more space than the hole due to swell. Clay soil is poor for fill; sandy loam is preferred. Some soils (near gas stations, industrial sites) may be contaminated.